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Case Studies

12DT — Wed, 17 Oct 2007 21:28:50 CDT

Innovation Development, Testing See videos of James Dyson in Student folder in DT2007 Demonstartion Video DYSON Dyson Notes	Innovation Development, Testing Oz Design Award Remember it is not the system but the H2 Fin which is Australian See videos of testing of the fin in Student folder in DT2007 FCS "H2" FIN	Unethical Design Fake Von Duth in Sydney Mickey Mouse Goes to Haiti Sweatshops and Disney Corporation
Designed for Obsolescence The Toothbrush Oral B UNSW Student Designs Designed For Obsolescence Is it socially Responsible?	Enviro Perspective on Design - Materials Bamboo Surfboard Byron Bay Company Scroll to bottom of page for attachment	Enviro Perspective on Design- Reusing Dynamic Lifter The Packaging
Can Technology Help Us Combat Climate Change? Read this 5 page SMH article Enviro Friendly Cars in Oz The Segway Australian Government Initiatives "COOL IT" & Advice on Enviro Action	The Drought and it's effect on: The Individual Society The Australian Society Political Intervention Drought Assistance What is Grey Water & How is it used Innovation- Grey water Desalination Plants Kurnell Proposal - Impact on Society Biotechnology & the Drought Sydney Water Rainwater Tank Rebate Program Rainman Water Tanks Tank Water Quality?	Green Energy Green Fuel gets a black name Wind Farm for NSW Is NUCLEAR energy Greener? Solar UNSW Photovoltaics Government Solar Rebates Tasmanian Pulp Mill Outrage How will the Pulp Mill Affect Tasmainians

Announcements

12DT — Mon, 15 Oct 2007 21:12:36 CDT

News: Hi guys i hope you are all sttudying very hard... i have added lots of links and info to the case study apge and will continue to do so so keep checking PLEEEEEASE xx

Updates:

See also: The Syllabus | Assignments | Study Guides

H3.1 continued [Charlie] ... states a different range of design factors

12DT — Sat, 06 Oct 2007 02:07:26 CDT

"To Innovate means to introduce changes or new things" Cambridge. As I had stated in the page prior, innovation is the design process and the actual design of creating something completely new and different with a real want/need OR a current design that has been improved upon dramatically (a little like Industrial Design).
The factors listed below are different from the factors listed on the previous page. They were design factors, these factors impact on the actual success of the innovation on the global community and how it influences them.

TIMING
The timing of the product/system/environment release is a major factor contributing to the success or failure of the innovation.
Manufacturers and retailers may create a demand and needs/wants for a new product through effective marketing. Most fashion items (such as cloths and household goods) are cleverly marketed to ensure a consumer demand is created. Consumers may also create a demand for a new product and this will often be in response to trends. Innovators respond to consumer trends in order to surcure their success.

MARKETING
Marketing is a crucial part to innovation success as it aims to convince the consumer of purchasing the product. It involves evaluating the market environment, determining the demand, making decisions about supply of the product and setting achievable goals.
The elements of the marketing plan in DT are greater than in the Business Studies course one. The ones in DT also consider "packaging". They are listed below:

People - potential customers
Product - aesthetics, function and special features
Price - setting the price at an appropriate level
Promotion - advertising the product
Packaging - protection and presentation of the product

A successful innovative product has to also stand out from its competitors to increase sales and enhance the competition.

CULTURAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC and LEGAL FACTORS
"The Social environment into which an innovation emerges will impact on its success" Cambridge.
The cultural environment includes the beliefs, values and behaviors of consumers. Companies actively work with pressure groups such as animal liberation activists, environmental groups, cultural leaders and religious groups that ensure that their products are appropriate both environmentally and socially.
Today, consumers will not accept detergent that is not biodegradable as society is concerned about the environmental impact of products. Children's books are expected to promote equity and harmony.
Governments can also influence the success or failure of the innovation. An example of this is the government support for renewable and efficient energy such as Wind Farms and giving rebates to people who purchase energy efficient products.
A growing economy can also be good for designers of new products as consumers are more willing to spend money and try new ideas.

Government bodies and legislation (covered in the next section of this unit) also are government influences on the success and failure of the innovation. These may include ASIC, ACCC, ATO, Trade Agreements and more...

See Josh Feeny's page for the continuation of this point... following on to "Agencies that influence Innovation"

H3.1 Factors Impacting on Successive Innovation (Charlie)

12DT — Fri, 05 Oct 2007 21:17:36 CDT

THIS PAGE IS STILL PROVISIONAL. IT CURRENTLY LISTS AND DESCRIBES (USING SOME EXAMPLES) OF FACTORS AFFECTING DESIGN... THIS WILL SOON BE MOULDED TO LIST "FACTORS AFFECTING INNOVATION"

Designs influence society and factors that are part of that society. In return, factors of society (listed below) affect and influence design. Factors are influences and aspects in, which the design is compared and considered with the criteria in the MDP and the design process in general. Innovation reflects and impacts on design. The factors listed below are factors that affect AND impact on the innovation's success.

Appropriateness of the Design Solution

"A designer must consider the appropriateness of the design solution" Excel. This means that the design needs to be fundamental and relevant to the need or want as well as considering the user. This is what "Factors" are all about! Innovations have to be appropriate in order for them to succeed.

Needs

Needs are the bare necessities a person needs to survive and grow. A want is something a person "wants" or "would like" to have but is in fact unnecessary in their life and their values. Perceived needs are items that a person thinks he/she must have... this is often created through advertising schemes and peer opinion. Perceived needs are not essential for life.

In the end; needs and wants are very similar, in the world today; marketing and peers often influences these opinions and ideas to the nomadic consumers of our world. An Innovation must be able to capture both aspects of the “need” and “want” to be a successful product.

Individual Needs: # Physical Needs - food clothing, shelter, health, care, rest, exercise. # Psychological Needs - love and affection, a sense of security, spiritual guidance, approval and recognition. # Social Needs - relating to others, cooperating, making adjustments and showing tolerance.

Community Needs: Needs perceived by the community as a whole to be important and tend to vary from community to community. EG: - religious values (and therefore variations of religious designs), cultural values etc.

Marketed Needs and Wants: As stated above; these types of needs are generated through marketing and advertising that that influence the community OR individual to think they "have" to have the product. Trends include:

Belonging to a Group: By designing and the general public consuming sporty products, individuals may fell that they are part of the "fit and healthy" sector of the community.

Identify with a Role Model: Advertisers often use large role models to endorse a product so they may at least "feel" that they can relate to, or "be like" the star and his/her achievements.

Be Healthy: EG: certain breakfast cereals, healthy lifestyle products, bouncy balls, home weight systems etc... Maintain their Status: EG: buying a new, cool car creates the idea, feel and entity that the individual is a new, cool "guy".

Keep up with Peers: No matter what age group, this is almost always evident; not just in design but also in style which reflects back on design and the individual's opinion.

Personal Values

This factor often refers to the values not of the individual consumer but the designer and what they deem important to their personal self. An example of this are the scientists working on IVF/Stem Cell research at Monash University. This project gives hope to some couples who value having a family of their own and who have failed to conceive through normal means. These scientists at Monash Uni Medical Centre obviously considered this process important and also valued the discovery and development of IVF for families and couples who may consider this design. This factor impacts on the design and it's creation.

Function

Function refers to the practicality of the product in relation to use and also in relation to design. According to Excel, in current, modern designs, "Function" is not considered as important as aesthetics in today's society. Excel states that earlier designs were based on function and the fact that they were functional allowed the design to become attractive as opposed to neo designs where aesthetics are considered more important. This is a driver in innovation; often, new innovations are both functional and aesthetic. Function should still be considered important in today’s society. Function can be assessed in respect of the following factors:

• safety

• strength

• ease of use

• efficiency

• simplicity

• durability

The use of function is important for successful innovation, as it needs to work and be appropriate for the user and function. I guess in essence; the function needs to be appropriate to the function.

Aesthetics

This term basically means "look". A factor of successive innovation is predominantly the look in today's society. "Aesthetically Pleasing" products are usually received very well depending on style etc. A key factor that drives innovation is aesthetics. Consumers want products that look modern, sexy, smart; o basically that look good… that are aesthetically pleasing. Today’s society is heavily based on packaging and marketing and therefore; the aesthetics of the innovation is an important contributor to success.

COST

The cost factor in design and innovation impacts on various stages of the design process and product life cycle from manufacturing to selling to using and through to becoming obsolete.

• Financial costs must be considered in designing, manufacturing and marketing of the product/system or environment.

• Environmental costs include the effect of production on the environment and the impact of obsolescence on the environment.

• Social costs including the effects on accepted cultural values and changes to established cultures.

Costs can be divided up into short term (EG: Financial) and long term (EG: Environmental). Cost seems to be a factor not so important in innovation financially. However; Financial costs in production must always be considered as well as the impact on the environment. There is an increasingly growing trend of product/system/environment innovations to compliment the environment in helping decrease Global Warming (or slow it down), water saving devices, electricity farming using renewable sources and more… These ideas are in innovation themselves added to which, more products are starting to consider environmental costs in manufacture and use.

Ergonomics

Ergonomics refers to the relationship between the product/system/environment (innovation) and the user/consumer. This is a factor all designers should consider when designing; the appropriateness and ease of use for consumers for successful innovation. Innovation should also consider this important factor, as it will contribute to success. For instance; a computer that is user-friendly would be considered ergonomic (PLEASE CHECK THIS STATEMENT MISS) and products that can relate to the user in terms of physical features also become a success. For instance, The Ergonomic Electric Violin (EV) is designed to allow the user to have more comfort when playing such a difficult instrument. (See Case Study for more details).

Use of the Design

Products are of various levels of difficulty. For instance; some are user-friendly and some are industry standard and more complex. For every design and innovation there is a target market, which consists of those who will use the product. The designer of the innovation must consider this and what “exactly” the consumer will use it for. This will allow them to design more of what the “consumer” will want rather than what the designer “thinks” the consumer will want. This will therefore make the innovation more successful as it is directed at the consumer. Sustainability Sustainability is the use of renewable resources. This allows the ecological footprint to have less of an impact on the environment, future generations and the environment. That is why it is referred to as “sustainability”. For example; wind farms, solar power or photovoltaics, hydro power, tidal power, biomass power, geothermal power, wave power and more are examples of renewable energy resources. Contrasted to non-renewable sources such as oil, coal and natural gas. Designers and innovators use sustainable resources because consumers prefer to use them. For example; they may choose to buy plantation or recycled timber furniture, or may choose to dye fabric using natural rather than coal tar dyes. Innovation adds to this, finding resources and ways of making them useful to add to the list of sustainable technologies and help the environment, an issue and trend that is becoming more and more dominant.

Energy

The amount of energy used is the factor here. Innovators who want to support the environment will often find ways of saving energy or using renewable energy. This factor is considered throughout the Product Life Cycle (PLC), considering the design process, manufacturing, marketing and use.

Recyclability

Waverly and Wollarah over the past few years have become dominant on recycling papers and plastics using various coloured bins. Garbage in today’s society is increasing and the various councils act to decrease this. Recycling is the preferred option and involves identifying recyclable products and discarding them into the right bin for them to be recycled. Paper, plastic and tins are the main ones currently. The use of this means that there is less garbage and less industrial fumes in mass manufacture. Innovation plays on this even more; developing special recyclable products that, in turn, compliment the environment and the consumer. For example; Green Bags save plastic bags being reduced and therefore, even save recycling for something that is sustainable, durable etc! A more relevant example would be the recycling program Apple computers have implemented for iPods. As well as the mentioned above one; the implementation of local councils of household recycling.

Safety and Health

Occupational Health and Safety is a factor that rules everyone’s lives in New South Wales through the OH&S Act of 2000 as well as people in other countries such as England, America and so on. That said, H&S is considered very important for those manufacturing the product/system/environment and/or the consumer. The designer and innovator should consider this, as it is a primary, necessary tenet in determining and contributing to the success of the innovation. The general public do not want a product that is unsafe to use, and neither do the manufacturers who have to make it.

Quality

Quality is both a marketing tool and is necessary for a successive innovation. Quality has two dimensions: level and consistency.
Level of Quality: the ability of a product to perform its function for an acceptable period of time. It includes the product’s overall durability, reliability, precision, ease of operation and repair etc…

Consistency of Quality: consistently developing the targeted level of quality to consumers.

For Example: Mercedes Benz cars market the cars as being “high quality” products. Innovative design has to be of sound quality, at least in order for it to work and be of acceptable standard into the marketplace as well as it being successful.

Durability

“The ability of a design to last for its designated life in the situation or environment for which it has been targeted as a reflection on its durability” Excel. Durability is important in innovation and can be considered a large factor contributing to its success as it basically determines the strength. A product may not be durable due to poor quality, bad design, poor raw materials or prolonged use. Durable items are products that are used over an extended period of time. (such as refrigerators, cars, houses and so on.

Obsolescence

Obsolescence refers to when a design is no longer of any use and must be discarded or recycled. Obsolescence may not always have to do with function but also can be aesthetic… a style that isn’t fashionable anymore, for example. Built-in or Planned obsolescence is when a product only lasts for a certain time period in order to promote a higher turnover. It may result in a lower quality product as well as increased waste products. Obsolescence is a changeable factor in innovation. A perfect product should not be obsolete, both functionally and aesthetically. However, as styles change, so do products and it is inevitable that a better, new product will arise. Some innovation may indeed have built-in obsolescence in order for the designer/company to generate more profit and turnover.

Life Cycle Analysis

A designer should always analyse and monitor the design/innovation throughout all stages of the Product Life Cycle (PLC). This should comment on all the factors listed above and should recognize the product/system/environment as being either Cradle-To-Grave or Cradle-To-Cradle, depending if it is recycled or not.

environnment and ethics (Hugo)

12DT — Sat, 22 Sep 2007 23:39:57 CDT

Environment and Ethics

Many things impact on the individual throughout the production and design stage; two of these being society and the environment.Industries must work towards reducing their impact and footprint on the environment.

The impacts on the way in which a product, system or environment is designed and produced are factors such as personal values, cultural beliefs, sustainability, safety and health, community and individual needs, and equity.

Environmental issues

At some stage in a life cycle of every product, system and environment, an environmental footprint is left.Designers must consider the short and long term effects on the environment that their product, system or design will have. The impact of a design on the environment at all stages – from the extraction of the raw material to the production, and finally to the end user and disposal of the product after use, should be examined.

Companies concerns are:

The level of air, water and land pollution created in the production, and use of a product (focusing on the greenhouse effect and release of carbon emissions).

The use of raw materials, whether they are renewable, scarce or non-renewable.

The disposal of plastic bags is an issue in Australia. 6.9 billion plastic bags are consumed every year in Australia. 80 million end up in parks, streets and waterways.

Australia’s natural resources are becoming depleted, particularly water. The drought in Australia and the ever-decreasing water supplies are big issues, unless suitable technologies area developed to use water wisely eg water tanks.

Solar energy and bio-fuel (fuel derived from bio-mass, recently living organisms or their metabolic by products such as manure) have been developed as oil is becoming higher in cost and creates pollution.

Innovation and Ethical IssuesMany great innovations have become possible through technology, but some innovations cause us to consider values and morals, such as the atomic bomb, the electric chair, cloning genetically modified foods and stem cell research.

Ethical and environmental considerations

Ethics is defined as doing right or wrong based on one’s personal values, customs or beliefs.

Designers must predict the short to medium and long term effects that their product, system or environment bring about in order to reduce negative consequences for their products, systems and environments into the future.

Today environmental implications are necessary. In the past, protecting the environment was not a priority and hazardous consequences have resulted. Designers have legal and ethical responsibilities with which they should feel obligated to comply.

Ensure that they work within customer’s deadlines, budget constraints and quality expectations.

Ensure that the goods are priced reasonably and of good quality.

Ensure that social, cultural and moral responsibilities are addressed.

Ensure that environmental and sustainable issues are considered.

Global Warming

An increase in greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere is known as global warming.

Many greenhouse gases are caused by human activity such as burning fossil fuels and land clearing. Other greenhouse gases also include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and CFC.

One-fifth of Australia’s green house gases are generated from households; that being15 tons per household each year. One ton of green house gases are generated from transport, burning of fossil fuels including coal, oil and gas, and decay of household wastes in landfills.

Environmental Impact

Eco design refers to designers that have specifically taken into consideration minimal environmental impact throughout the life cycle of the product system environment.

Sustainable Technologies

Sustainable technologies are technologies using environmentally friendly resources; eg:

Wind

Solar

Hydro (water)

Solar Power

The conversion of sunlight into direct current electricity is solar power.Solar power reduces greenhouse gas emission by nearly 2,500 tonnes every year. =

Bibliography

New book

Chapter summaryp31

Environmental issues p149

innovationandethicalissuesp153

Environmental and ethical considerations 156

solar power158

old book

enviromental impact 169

Dyson Notes

12DT — Wed, 19 Sep 2007 22:49:24 CDT

Classroom

12DT — Wed, 19 Sep 2007 21:46:13 CDT

Year 12 Design and Technology WIKI

This is the page of a wonderful year 12 group of intelligent lads who
WILL COOPERATE AND WILL do well in the 2007 HSC

Announcements	The Syllabus	Assignments
Case Studies	Study Guides	OZ Innovation

Paint Splatters

H6.2 The impact of emerging Technologies

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:28:53 CDT

Emerging technologies

The factors affect emerging technologies
Criteria used to evaluate emerging technologies
Impact of emerging technologies on Australian society
Impact of emerging technologies on environment
Impact of emerging technologies on Australian innovation

assess the implications of new and immerging technologieson;

Ecological
Economic
Social
Ethical
Legal

Aspects of Australian culture.

Emerging technologies, these are technologies which are not yet in common usage.
Emerging technologies, these are technologies which are not yet in common usage. e.g stem cells, IVF, photovoltaic, genetically modified foods, Nanotechnology/micro-products, Geomatics. (http://www.tiac.wa.gov.au//directions/paper8/paper8.html) 3rd world need new seeds every year to grow crops as GM foods can’t reuse seeds, long term consequence. Food sensation, improved food safety, aquaculture, longer shelf life. P171 stem cell Organic federation of Australia, GM vs. organic. Sporting technologies Aluminium surf boards p173 selection of resources

H 4.3 - Evaluation Angus

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:26:16 CDT

H4.3 evaluates the processes undertaken and the impacts of • project evaluation _ the importance of ongoing evaluation _ how you use criteria set early in the project to evaluate throughout the process and the end productcriteria to evaluate success (analysing criteria forevaluation) _ how we can evaluate the impact of the major design project _ on the individual _ on society _ on the environment (local and global) _ in relation to potential social or environmental costs or benefits how designers evaluate the impact of the major design project _ on the individual _ on society _ on the environment (local and global) _ in relation to potential social or environmental costs or benefits (life cycle analysis)

The Importance of on going Evaluation

It is imperative for designers to have on going evaluation This evaluation can come in the form of week-by-week time/action plans and journals which keep a record of the progress made. At the start of the design project a designer must set out a time/action plan in which he states achievable goals and a time frame to do these in. the purpose of the journal, or weekly evaluation is to keep this under control and on track. Without this the time/action plan blows out and the product then becomes void. The on going evaluation also helps with the presentation of the end product. This is important with communication ideas and problems which are encountered in the design process. It there have been any extra costs in the design process the entrepreneur will want to know the reasons for this. The on going evaluation shows them this. There are always going to be problems throughout the design process and this is just one method of communicating this. It is a major part of design and all changes, however minor should be documented in this way. Even if the product is floorless and has no real problems it is still crucial that u keep a weekly evaluation of ur design process. How you use criteria set in the early stages of the project to then evaluate throughout the process and the end product. Analysing your criteria to evaluate success. The best and most simple example of testing and evaluating success is the dynamite fishing analogy; sure you will catch fish, but is it appropriate? Is there not a better and/or safer way to do this? This is where the analysing of the criteria comes into play. The general criteria which is used for evaluation is:

Cost
Safety
Functionality
Aesthetics
Material characteristics.

This is also covered in appropriateness of the design solution but is also very relevant in the evaluation stages of design. Products such as the FCS fin have been put thorough rigorous testing in order to obtain the best possible product. The FCS fin was put through many tests during the evaluation process. “Through a collaboration of hydrodynamic and materials experts, manufacturing consultants, some of the world’s premier surfers including world champions Kelly Slater and Tom Carroll, fin makers and the team at Surf Hardware International, the program melded scientific rigour, testing and known design wisdom to produce one of the fastest and most hydro-dynamically efficient surfboard fins in the world,” “The designers have achieved the impossible…this product has been refined to perfection.” This refining was all during the evaluation stages and it is easy to see that with thorough tesing and evaluating of function is it possible to create a perfect product.

How we can evaluate the impact of the major design project?

We hope that is will impact society, we hope that it will affect the individual; we hope that our project will impact someone. Traditionally during the design process the environment and the adverse affect has been forgotten. These days there is much more importance placed on the environment and environmental implications. The best way to analyse this is evaluation. There are many ways in which we can evaluate the impact on societyIt is safe to say that designers design for the sole purpose of bettering the society of a whole. This of the designers of the fist computers, they impacted the individual, the society, the world and the environment all in one Research and surveys also show a general idea of how the product has, or will impact the society. There are two main ways in which this can be researched these include quantitative, qualitative.

The costs and benefits on the environment and the society.

The cost of the product is hard to define as the costs can be sectioned into short term and long term. Again, the best way to analyse this in the initial stages of the design process is the life cycle analysis or cradle to grave analysis.
in relation to potential social or environmental costs or benefits (life cycle analysis)
positives are good...

H 3.1 Entrepreneurial Activity [Josh Feeney]

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:20:51 CDT

HSC Outcome 3.1: Analyses the factors that influence innovation and the success of innovation.

Entrepreneurial activities

The following is a list of innovation activities which need to be managed by entrepreneurs:

product design
distribution/Sales/Service
manufacture
promotion
obtaining resources
research and development
protecting intellectual property
obtaining raw materials
identifying a market opportunity

The Nature of Entrepreneurial Activity

An entrepreneur performs three basic functions:

Decision making: The entrepreneur controls the company, making decisions that are fundamental to the nature of the company, its operation and continued existence.

Innovation: Application of new techniques to the production process, ensuring the production and distribution of new and improved goods and service whilst introducing new forms of selling and organising a company.

Risk bearing: Makes necessary uncertain decisions, connected to the anticipated marketplace or the introduction of innovations, having to accept the subsequent risks.

Role of the entrepreneur in Design

Entrepreneur activity is necessary to encourage design and technological advancement

Establishing the marketing opportunity for the design

Organising financial backing for the development of the design

Protecting the final design by securing design registrations and patents

Organising the supply of components, raw materials and labour

Manufacturing of the design

Advertising the product to the target market

Organising sales, distribution and servicing

Agencies that Affect Entrepreneurial Activity

Government agencies, through laws, incentives, subsidies and so on.

Commercial agencies, through the buying and selling of goods.

Industrial agencies, through WorkCover, workplace agreements and awards.

Management and Entrepreneurial Activity

Fundamental difference between a manager and a entrepreneur is the type of decisions made by each.

Entrepreneur: Responsible for the basic policy decisions that set the future course of the business firm

Manager: Decisions affecting day-to-day routine matters

H5.1 Management (CH. 8, 22) Jake Gentele

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:15:19 CDT

Managing Techniques and Tools

· Many skills are needed to successfully manage a project; communication, meetings, action plans, journals, Gantt charts and finance plans.
· Managing : the skillful or resourceful use of materials, time, etc. in order to complete a talk in a given timeframe
· Project managers use ;

communication – discussion between parties involved
meetings – formal gatherings to help communication between all parties involved
Gantt charts – list and schedule each task
Journals and diaries – to record all meetings and track problems faced and decisions taken
Finance plans – addressing all the costs involved
Management plans – describing all the components of the project and how the team will stay informed of developments

Action Plan
This should be the first step in the management of a project and should be brainstorming or a mind map.

Journals and Diaries
This should be all the recordings of ideas, notes, diagrams, informal thoughts and plans of the designer as they embark on a new project.

The Gantt Chart
A detailed grid which displays the task to be undertaken and time allocated, and maps these on a specified timeline.

Finance Plan
A detailed report of the resources used in a project with costs applied, costs could include; · Materials · Resources – tools and equipment needed · Labour – time and rates of pay · Overhead

Planning and Implementing

‘PRIME” helps designers keep on track;
Problem
Research
Ideas
Manufacture
Evaluate

A Typical Project
The starting point is always to analyse the problem in order to fully understand exactly what is required.
· Factors need to be identified first
It is important to meet with the client to discuss their needs as they will be the one using the item. This is the action planning part of the project and will be useful in constructing the Gantt chart. Following the discussion with the client a budget can be set. The designer will embark on the creative ideas process to generate possible ideas to solve the problem. The current market is an option to generate ideas off. The designer needs to sketch ideas.

The next stages for the designer are to:
1. draw a working scale drawing of the chosen design
2. complete a materials list
3. complete the finance plan
4. Materials cutting list
5. Constructing the chosen design

The final stage is to evaluate the final product, to examine and judge something carefully; to appraise.

Formulating management plans

· All products start out with a need and are made to a standard of quality.
· The KEY to a successful MDP is good management throughout the project and attention to design and production principles.

When we embark on the MDP journey we begin by asking ourselves the following questions;
· What is it we have to do?
· How much time do we have?
· What are my budget considerations?
· The action plan
· The time plan
· The finance plan

Action planning

Important to begin with a brainstorming session, if working with a client it is important to brainstorm with them. The process of action planning is important; the designer and client can express their needs openly and all aspects of the project can be documented.

These are some questions to ask during action planning:
· What is the need?
· Who will use the product?
· How will is be used?
· What are the safety requirements?
· What materials can be used?
· Etc.

Time planning

Do not consider your MDP as one large task, break it down into smaller talks eg
- Identify and explore the need
- List areas to be investigated and research to be undertaken
- Action, time and finance plans

Set out the action plan by using the assessment guidelines as specified by the Board of Studies then apply this list to a Gantt chart and allow appropriate times.

Finance planning

In the commercial world, cost is one of the main factors in a product design, as products must be priced so that they are affordable ti the consumer but can also make the company a profit.

When formulating a finance plan the following steps need to be considered:
· Source materials that are of good quality but also realistically priced
· Keep all purchase receipts
· Update the finance plan weekly
· Set up a spreadsheet to enter all data
· Complete a final cost analysis

Past Papers

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:13:06 CDT

2003

2005

2006

Board of studies Glossary of Key Words

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:12:40 CDT

Account	Account for: state reasons for, report on. Give an account of: narrate a series of events or transactions
Analyse	Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate implications
Apply	Use, utilise, employ in a particular situation
Appreciate	Make a judgement about the value of
Assess	Make a judgement of value, quality, outcomes, results or size
Calculate	Ascertain/determine from given facts, figures or information
Clarify	Make clear or plain
Classify	Arrange or include in classes/categories
Compare	Show how things are similar or different
Construct	Make; build; put together items or arguments
Contrast	Show how things are different or opposite
Critically (analyse/evaluate)	Add a degree or level of accuracy depth, knowledge and understanding, logic, questioning, reflection and quality to (analyse/evaluate)
Deduce	Draw conclusions
Define	State meaning and identify essential qualities
Demonstrate	Show by example
Describe	Provide characteristics and features
Discuss	Identify issues and provide points for and/or against
Distinguish	Recognise or note/indicate as being distinct or different from; to note differences between
Evaluate	Make a judgement based on criteria; determine the value of
Examine	Inquire into
Explain	Relate cause and effect; make the relationships between things evident; provide why and/or how
Extract	Choose relevant and/or appropriate details
Extrapolate	Infer from what is known
Identify	Recognise and name
Interpret	Draw meaning from
Investigate	Plan, inquire into and draw conclusions about
Justify	Support an argument or conclusion
Outline	Sketch in general terms; indicate the main features of
Predict	Suggest what may happen based on available information
Propose	Put forward (for example a point of view, idea, argument, suggestion) for consideration or action
Recall	Present remembered ideas, facts or experiences
Recommend	Provide reasons in favour
Recount	Retell a series of events
Summarise	Express, concisely, the relevant details
Synthesise	Putting together various elements to make a whole

H4.2 factors considered when selecting resources, (Damien Wilmotte)

12DT — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 18:52:22 CDT

Syllabus
Selects and uses resources responsibly and safely to realise a quality major design project.
Factors to be considered when selecting resources including:

safety
ethical issues
environmental issues

Explain the principles underlying safe working practices and environments

Identify, select, use and justify the use of resources based on the results and analysis of research

Work
Factors considered when selecting resources.

Resources are things that can be used to achieve the goals. These can be divided into two types:

Human, people, skills, knowledge, time.
Non human, materials, tools, money, facilities, Internet, libraries, fuel, energy.

Resources are interrelated and interchangeable. Selecting the most appropriate and other available resources early in the project can reduce the time taken to complete a design, as it will assist in the elimination of mistakes. To find more resources or the most suitable research is carried out.
When selecting resources comparison is made by explaining the processes used in industry and why you have chosen to use a different process to be made, sometimes using practices used in the industrial/commercial is not always the best answer. When selecting a resource you must:

Identify a wide range of resources used
describe the use of the resources
justify the selection of resources

Factor to be considered when selecting resources:

Safety, you need to consider yours, employees, and consumers of the product, system or environments.
Environmental issues, pollution caused, energy cost, shortage of raw material, noise, cradle to grave
Ethical issues, ethics is the right or wrong based on ones belief

Examples:

Safety: MDF wood, prohibited to be used in schools.
Characteristic: Composite material, FCS H2 fin (http://www.netcomposites.com/news.asp?2972)
Environment: Bamboo flooring, bamboo surf boards (http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=354471)

Principals underlying safe work practices and environment

Safety is the basic need that should be satisfied all the way through the design stages and production. safe work practices are determined by the nature of the workplace. The general principal applies to all work places.

Hazards are anything that can potentially cause harm to anyone working within an organisation. These can be identified though a variety of techniques like:

Hazards analysis, where each stage of the operating procedure is analysed for potential hazards.
work place inspections.
injury and incident investigations.
safety reviews.
day to day observations.

A risk is the likelihood that the potential hazard will result in injury or loss. Risk assemsment is the proccess used to help manage the risks to health and safety that may arise in the workplace.

Safe work principles

make sure the things you purchase are safe
maintain equipment to keep it safe
don't use dangerous, damaged or malfunctioning equipment
use things only for the purpose for which they were designed
consult employees when purchasing equipment or materials
make sure people are properly trained and supervised
use safe systems of work so both both work and maintenance is safe
maintain and use safety warning devices and protection
make sure everyone understands the dangers of the tools and materials they use
label things properly
provide personal protective equipment where needed

Risk management includes the following processes:

identify hazards.
assessing the risks. eliminating or controlling hazards.
ongoing monitoring and reviewing of hazards.

An example of controlling a hazard is the OMI Safe Syringe (http://www.omiltd.com/products.html)

Student Spotlight

12DT — Wed, 12 Sep 2007 21:33:05 CDT

Case Study of the Week

Designer: Dave "rowdy" Wilson
Product: Magn-o-plast (Magnetic wall system)
this product rocks! congratulations Rowdy

rowdy after he finnished his project and folio!

QUOTE: Bit Rowdy in here

Designer: Timmy Maxwell
Product: Body Bag (surf board bag you can sleep in)
this product rocks too! congratulations Timmy!

sorry timmy couldnt find a picture of u.. on facebook :P

And our wonderful teacher Miss Flemming. but when i tried to find her profile on facebook this is what i got!!

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